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| 1 ? fn4559.6 hsp50415 wideband programmable modulator (wpm) the hsp50415 wideband programmable modulator (wpm) is a quadrature amplitude modulator/upconverter designed for wideband digital modulation. the wpm combines shaping and interpolation filters, a complex modulator, timing and carrier ncos and dual dacs into a single package. the hsp50415 supports vector modulation, accepting up to 16-bit in phase (i) and quadrature (q) samples to generate virtually any quadrature am or pm modulation format. a constellation mapper and 24 symbol span interpolation shaping filter is provided for the input baseband signals. gain adjustment is provided after the s haping fir filter. a timing error generator in the input section a llows the on-chip timing nco to track the input timing. the wpm includes a numerically controlled oscillator (nco) driven interpolation filt er, which allows the input and output sample rate to have a non-integer or variable relationship. this re-sampling feature simplifies use of sample rates that do not have harmonic or integer frequency relationships to the input data rate and decouples the carrier from the dataclk. a complex quadrature modulat or modulates the baseband data on a programmable carrier center frequency. the wpm offers digital output spurious free dynamic range (sfdr) that exceeds 70db at the maxi mum output sample rate of 100msps, for input sample rates as high as 25msps. x/sin(x) rolloff compensation filtering is provided. real 14-bit digital output data is ava ilable prior to the 12-bit dacs providing 20ma full scale output current. features ? output sample rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to 100msps ? input data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 25msps (i/q) ? 32-bit programmable carrier nco ? x/sin(x) rolloff compensation ? programmable i and q shaping fir filters: - up to 24 symbol span ? fixed or nco controlled interpolation: - interpolation range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 to >128k - digital pll to lock to input symbol clock ? digital signal processing capable of >70db sfdr ? dual 12-bit d/a processing capable of >50db sfdr ? pb-free plus anneal available (rohs compliant) applications ? wide-band digital modulation ? base station modulators ? hsp50415eval1 evaluation board available ordering information part number part marking temp range (c) package pkg. dwg # hsp50415vi hsp50415vi -40 to +85 100 ld mqfp q100.14x20 hsp50415viz (note) hsp50415viz -40 to +85 100 ld mqfp (pb-free) q100.14x20 hsp50415eval1 evaluation board note: intersil pb-free plus anneal products empl oy special pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% mat te tin plate termination finish, which are rohs compliant and compatible with both snpb and pb-free soldering operations. intersil pb-free p roducts are msl classified at pb-free peak reflow temper atures that meet or exceed the pb-free requirements of ipc/jedec j std-020. data sheet april 23, 2007 caution: these devices are sensitive to electrosta tic discharge; follow proper ic handling procedures. 1-888-intersil or 1-888-468-3774 | intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of intersil americas inc. copyright intersil americas inc. 2007. all rights reserved all other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
2 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 pinout hsp50415 (100 ld mqfp) top view 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 91 89 87 85 84 83 81 82 86 88 90 92 100 79 80 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 42 44 46 47 48 50 49 45 43 41 39 31 2xsymclk ce addr0 addr1 addr2 refclk intreq gnd din5 gnd vdd din13 din14 iout1 iout0 gnd resv iout3 resv resv fsadj agnd icomp2 avdd icomp1 iout11 iout10 iout8 iout7 iout6 vdd iout5 iout4 gnd iout12 refio ioutb agnd reflo qcomp1 avdd dvdd dgnd qoutb qouta agnd lockdet fovrfl gnd sysclk/2 iout13 vdd fempty din15 vdd cdata3 cdata4 cdata5 gnd cdata6 cdata7 cdata0 iouta din12 din11 din10 din9 din8 din7 din6 vdd din4 gnd din3 din2 din1 din0 dataclk hsp50415 cdata1 cdata2 rd nc istrb txen ffull iout9 iout2 vdd resv vdd reset clk gnd dvdd dgnd pllrc pgnd pvdd wr qcomp2 block diagram cos sin i out x sin(x) x sin(x) carrier complex mixer 14 / const map data fifo interface/ i q interface data dataclk w/r control symbol nco/ refclk 2xsymclk clk multiplier clk analog pll digital pll digital out q out p 12-bit dac 12-bit dac nco shaping/ interpolation filters shaping/ interpolation filters hsp50415 3 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 functional block diagram cos sin iouta x sin(x) carrier nco complex 14 / i q refclk clk iout<13:0> 12-bit dac wr ce rd addr<2:0> reset c data<7:0> istrb dataclk txen fempt din<15:0> fovrfl data ffull fir x2, 4, 8, 16 i gain halfband x2 x2 to > 8192 bypass bypass bypass i gain bypass i offset x sin(x) 12-bit dac fir bypass q gain halfband bypass bypass bypass q gain bypass q offset symbol nco voltage ref refio lockdet pllrc intreq reflo fsadj loop filter 2 sysclk/2 icomp2 qcomp1 qcomp2 icomp1 phase freq. lock detector 2xsymclk x 2 charge pump voltage clk multiplier clk divider 1, 2, 4, 8 phase frequency detector apll bypass sysclk sysclk ioutb qouta qoutb p interface interface/ fifo const. map interpolation filter mixer interpolation interpo lation interpolation interpolation filter selector x 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 (vco divider) controlled oscillator error detect hsp50415 4 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 pin descriptions name type description vdd - digital power. gnd - digital ground. dvdd - dac digital power. dgnd - dac digital ground. avdd - dac analog power. agnd - dac analog ground. pvdd - pll analog power. pgnd - pll analog ground. pllrc i pll loop filter provides for the addition of less expens ive rc components in place of a crystal oscillator. the recommended values for this pin are detailed in the ?system clk generation? section. clk i system and dac clock input when apll not in use, otherwise it is the reference to the apll. sysclk/2 o sample clock divided by two. all digital output data and stat us pins are output from this clock. the polarity of sysclk/2 may be programmed via register 2 bit-3. 2xsymclk o tri-statable symbol nco clock output multiplied by two. the polarity of 2xsymclk may be programmed via register 2 bit-15. refclk i external digital pll reference clock input. din<15:0> i data bus. the din<15:0> bus loads the input data. dataclk i asynchronous data clock for din<15:0>. txen i din<15:0> may be optionally gated with the txen pin (burst mode) or input free-running as defined by register 2 bits 18-17. the polarity of txen may be programmed via register 2 bit-5. istrb i data samples are input as i then q seri ally with the istrb pin active with the i sample. the polarity of istrb may be programmed via register 2 bit-4. cdata<7:0> i/o p p bidirectional data bus. the cdata<7:0> data bus is used for loading the configuration data and sample vectors for modulation. cdata7 is the msb. rd i p p read control input. wr i p p write strobe input. ce i chip enable input. addr<2:0> i p p address bus. the addr<2:0> bus is used for addressing the proper registers for loading the configuration data and sample vectors for modulation. addr2 is the msb. intreq o tri-statable active high interrupt request output. the intr eq output is enabled via regi ster 2 bit-8. register 9 bits 6-0 enable individual events for intreq. reset while the reset input is asserted (driven low), all processing halts and the wpm is reset. a software reset is also available via register 10 h . iout<13:0> o tri-statable in-phase output samples. iout< 13:0> outputs are enabled via register 2 bit-7. qout<13:0> o tri-statable quadrature output samples. qout<13:0> output s are enabled via register 2 bit-6. the qout<13:0> outputs are not available on the mqfp package. fempt, fovrfl, ffull o tri-statable status flags for fifo level monitoring. these outputs are enabled via register 2 bits 13-11. fifo status thresholds and control are c onfigured via register 2 bits 23-16. lockdet o tri-statable status flag of the digital pll. this ma y be used to generate an interrupt request via intreq. the lockdet output is enabled via register 2 bit-10. iouta, qouta o current outputs of the device. full scale output curre nt is achieved when all input bits are set to binary 1. ioutb, qoutb o complementary current outputs of the device. full scal e output current is achieved on the complementary outputs when all input bits are set to binary 0. hsp50415 5 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 functional description the hsp50415 is a wideband programmable modulator that accepts an input quadrature da ta stream at programmable symbol rates of up to 25msps (qpsk) and outputs a modulated quadrature data stream at the final sample rate up to 100mhz. the allowable symbol rates depend on the modulation type selected (qpsk , 16qam, etc.). the input data format is parallel with respect to the bits, but serial with respect to the i and q samples and may be input at a constant symbol rate or burs t in at a different rate. the hsp50415 can symbol map the input data stream per a user programmable look up table thus allowing any standard to be supported. the mapped symbols are then interpolated to the final sample rate and low-pass filtered in order to limit the spectral occupancy of the signal. the first stage filter coefficients are user progra mmable, with subsequent filter stages having fixed coefficients. the hsp50415 then modulates the symbol data at the final sample rate onto a carrier signal that is tunable from 0.023hz - 50mhz (for a final sample rate of 100mhz) producing a quadrature signal. the signal may then be optionally x/sin(x) filtered to compensate for the sin(x)/x roll-off of the dacs. to correct for system (or dac induced) gain imbalances between the in phase and quadrature signals there is a final gain correction stage prior to the output. the final intermediate frequency (if) digital output ca n be converted to differential analog signals via the onboard 12-bit dacs or may be optionally brought out as 14-b it digital data. the 100-pin mqfp package provides a real digital output at 1/2 the final sample rate. system clk generation the hsp50415 receives i and q input data serially at twice the input symbol rate. the data is converted to a parallel quadrature data stream at the symbol rate by the front end data input block. this data stream is upsampled to the final output sample rate of the device (fsout). this output sample rate (maximum rate of 100mhz) is used to clock the last stage of the digital logic and the dual 12-bit dacs and may be provided externally on the clk pin or may be generated by an internal analog pll (apll). when enabled, the apll uses the clk pin as a reference and provides a selectable clk multiplier of x2, x4, x8, x16 or x32 or clk divider of /2, /4 or /8. an external loop filter is requir ed to be supplied at pllrc. the recommend configuration is shown in figure 1 , with suggested component values calculated as: user input terms: apllclkdivider=apll clk divider programmed input apllvcodivider=apll vco divider programmed input fclk=clk frequency input fscale=loop bandwidth divisor input pm=loop phase margin input (degrees) component calculation formulas: c1=(fvcogain*icp)/ (wo*wo*sqrt(kk)) c2=kk*c1 r1=1/sqrt(fvcogain*icp*c1*sqrt(c2/c1)) where: fvcogain=231000000/apllvcodivider icp=0.000353 kk=(1+(sin(pm*pi/180 )))/(1-(sin(pm*pi/180))) wo=2*pi*((fclk/apllclkdivider)/fscale) icomp1, qcomp1 i compensation pin for use in reducing bandwidth/noise. each pin should be individually decoupled to avdd with a 0.1 p f capacitor. to minimize crosstalk, the part was de signed so that these pins must be connected externally, ideally directly under the device packaging. the voltage on these pins is used to dr ive the gates of the pmos devices that make up the current ce lls. only the icomp1 pin is driven and therefore qcomp1 needs to be connected to icomp1, but de-coupled separately to minimize crosstalk. icomp2, qcomp2 i compensation pin for internal bias generation. each pin should be individually dec oupled to agnd with a 0.1 p f capacitor. the voltage generated at these pins represents the voltage used to supply 2.0v nominal power to the switch drivers. this arrangement helps to minimize cl ock feedthrough to the current cell transistors for reduced glitch energy and improved spectral performance. reflo i reference low select. when the internal reference is enabl ed, this pin serves as t he precision ground reference point for the internal voltage reference circuitry and therefore needs to have a good connection to analog ground to enable internal 1.2v reference. to disable the inter nal reference circuitry this pin should be connected to avdd. refio i reference voltage input if internal reference is disabled. reference voltage output if internal reference is enabled. use 0.1 p f cap to ground when internal reference is enabled. fsadj i full scale current adjust. use a resistor to ground to adj ust full scale output current. full scale output current = 32 x v fsadj /r set . where v fsadj is the voltage at this pin. v fsadj tracks the voltage on the refio pin; which is typically 1.2v if the in ternal reference is used. resv - reserved. these pins must be floating (not connected) for proper operation. nc - no connection. pins may be connected to gnd, agnd, dgnd or left floating. pin descriptions (continued) name type description hsp50415 6 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 a matlab or excel program for calculating the component values is available. for improved apll performance, utilization of specific calculated values is recommended over the general purpose ones shown in figure 1 . symbol nco as the data flows through the device, the sample rate increases up to the final sample rate, with the symbol nco generating all of the necessary intermediate sample rate clocks. each stage?s input and output sample rate is dependent on the interpolation rate through the stage. figure 1 shows the various symbol clocks that are generated on the chip. the symbol rate clock (symclk) used internally is multiplied by 2 and output on pin 2xsymclk for use in driving the input dataclk if a symbol rate synchronous (non-burst) mode is required. the symbol nco is a 32-bit accumulator. the 32-bit frequency step (phinc) is the sum of the user programmable 32-bit symbol phinc and any error term generated by the digital phase lock loop (dpll) while locking to an external symbol rate. the dpll error term may be disabled by a control bit. the symbol rates supported are from 0.023hz up to 25mhz (for fsout of 100 mhz) with 32-bit frequency resolution. the formu la for programming the symbol phinc register is given as: symbolphinc = (symbolrate / fsout) * 2^32 the symbol nco also has a counter mode in which the symbol clocks are generated up on the counter reaching the 16-bit user programmable rollo ver count value. this mode is useful for cases where the frequency is an integer number of the system clock (sysclk/2). figure 1. sample rate clk generation iouta x sin(x) complex 12-bit dac dataclk din<15:0> data fir i gain halfband int. i gain i offset symbol nco 2xsymclk x 2 ioutb clk sysclk/2 apll bypass sysclk symclk (symbol rate) (symbol rate x 1,2,4,8,16,32) c1 c2 r1 pllrc dc to 20mhz: c1=690pf, c2=11nf, r1=120 internal ic signal names are shown in lowercase. table 1. hsp50415 filter configurations and resulting symbol nco rates bypass fir filter fir interpolation bypass halfband filter interpolating filter data input rate symbol nco phinc 0 x2 (note) 0 symbol rate x 4 phincll x 4 0 x4 0 symbol rate x 8 phincll x 8 0 x8 0 symbol rate x 16 phincll x 16 0 x16 0 symbol rate x 32 phincll x 32 0 x2 (note) 1 symbol rate x 4 phincll x 4 0 x4 1 symbol rate x 4 phincll x 4 0 x8 1 symbol rate x 8 phincll x 8 0 x16 1 symbol rate x 16 phincll x 16 1 not applicable 0 symbol rate x 2 phincll x 2 1 not applicable 1 symbol rate x 1 phincll x 1 note: an optional decimate by two mode allows the device to achi eve interpolation by a factor of two in the shaping fir. hsp50415 7 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 the symbol nco 32-bit phinc value is adjusted automatically such that the symbol nco runs at the input rate of the interpolating filter, since this is the fastest rate prior to the fsout rate. table 1 lists possible filter configurations of the h sp50415 and the resulting interpolating filter rate . this resulting rate is affected by rate adjustments (interpola tion) in the previous filter blocks. digital phase lock loop the hsp50415 contains a digital phase lock loop (dpll) that performs symbol tracking to an external symbol clock (refclk). the dpll consists of a programmable phase/frequency error detector followed by a loop filter and lock detector stage. the phase/frequency error detector block diagram is shown in figure 2 . the dpll uses two (integer) counters to give added frequency programming flexibility. the programmed symbol rates are functions of the both the refclk divider and the nco divider (n = nco divider + 1, see figure 2 ), each of which can be changed separately. as an example, these two counters can be set to generate a non-integer output (nco symbol rate) frequency (16/3) of the input reference frequency (refclk). in this case nco divider = 16, and refclk divider =3. if refclk is the desired symbol rate, then the refclk divider will be the same value as the nco divider. if refclk is for example 2x the desired symbol rate, then the refclk divider will be 2x the nco divider. refclk is divided down by the refclk divider. the internal symbol clk is divided down by the nco divider. when the carry-out of the refclk divider is generated, the symbol nco is sampled. the phase and frequency (dphi/dt) should be zero if the two rates are phase and frequency locked. if not, the sampled phase value is the phaseerror. this value is subtracted from the previous phaseerror to generate the frequency error. both of these error terms are input to the loop filter which scales and integrates these error terms and produces a final symbol nco error term. this final error term gets added to the symbol nco to adjust the symbol rate to try to track to the divided down external refclk input. the loop filter error term must be enabled in the software for this error term to be added to the symbol nco. otherwise the digital pll has no effect on the symbol rate. the minimum value the refclk divider and nco divider values may be programmed to is the larger of 32/clkdivisor or 0x04, where clkdivisor is fsout/refclkrate. this is due to the minimum number of s ystem clock (sysclk/2) cycles the loop filter requires to process the new error terms. the maximum rate of this clock is fsout/4 or 25mhz for fsout of 100mhz. the phaseerror and freqerror terms are input to the loop filter block which is a standard lead/lag type second order loop filter as shown in figure 3 . the loop filter requires 32 clock cycles to process a new error term. the phaseerror is weighted by the lag gain and added to the freqerror weighted by the frequency gain and this sum is accumulated to give the integral response. the lag accumulator is compared to upper and lower limits and forced to the limit value if either limit is exceeded. this keeps the symbol nco frequency withi n the expected symbol rate uncertainty and limits the pull in range. this accumulator output is then added to the phaseerror weighted by the lead gain to get a proportional response. this lead term should be zeroed during initial tracking. the gain values are user programmable with a mantissa and exponent of the following format gain = 01.mmmm * 2^(eeeee-17) where mmmm denotes the 4-bit gain value and eeeee is the 5-bit shift value. the phaseerror and freqerror signals may be monitored on the digital outputs for test or the lock detect pin may be used to monitor the symbol tracking phase error. the lock detect pin indicates whether the dpll has phase locked to the external symbol clock. the lock detect status may also be used to generate an interrupt event. the lock detect block diagram is shown in figure 4 . hsp50415 figure 2. refclk divider<7:0> nco divider<13:0> carryout 8 upper bits of phaseaccum 14-bit countvalue enable freqerror<15:0> phaseerror<21:0> fifofreqerror<8*7,7:0> 8-bit sync r r symbol nco refclk clk tc _ counter 14-bit counter phase/frequency error detector figure 3. ul<31:0> ll<13:0> phaseerror<21:0> freqerror<15:0> frequencygain laggain leadgain limiter r r 41 / dpll phincerror<31:0> dpll loop filter figure 4. phaseerrormag<20:0> threshold<20:0> useaplllockstatus analogplllockstatus carryout lockintegrator<8:0> negative notlockedvalue positive lockedvalue bit=1 indicates phaseerr > thld so not locked lockintegrator<8> lockdet a1 s ao z r a1 s ao z _ lock detection block diagram 8 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 the lock detector compares the magnitude of the phaseerror to a programmable 21-bit threshold value. if the carry out from this comparison is ?1? then the phaseerror is greater than or equal to the threshold value and a negative value is added to the lock integrator. if the carry out is ?0? then the phaseerror is less than the threshold and a positive value is added. as the phaseerror magnitude stays below the threshold level the lock integrator will grow from a negative number to a positive one thus indicating a locked condition. the lock integrator resets to a full-scale negative value. the sign bit of the lo ck integrator is output as the lockdet status flag. the values added or subtracted to the lock integrator are user selectable as follows in table 2 . table 2. lock integrator addends lock factor carry out addend binary value 0xx 1 -0.5 111111000 1xx 1 -0.25 111111100 x00 0 +0.0625 000000001 x01 0 +0.1250 000000010 x10 0 +0.2500 000000100 x11 0 +0.5000 000001000 hsp50415 9 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 front-end data input block the hsp50415 accepts input data in a parallel bit fashion with i and q samples input serially as shown in figure 5 . the signal pins on the device that input data to the front-end are the din<15:0> bus, the istrb and txen control pins and the dataclk pin. front end iin<15:0>, qin<15:0> serial data stream at symbol rate x2 iout<15:0> at symbol rate qout<15:0> data input block figure 5. serial to parallel data conversion all data is synchronous to the dataclk. further references to bit-widths will be with respect to a single channel (i and q channels are identical). the i nput data may be from 1-bit up to 16-bits wide with bits positioned on the lsb?s of the bus. the data samples are input as i then q serially with the istrb pin active with the i sample. the maximum data rate is 50mhz at fsout of 100mhz or twice the maximum symbol rate. the data written into the chip may be gated with the txen pin (burst mode) or input free-running. the istrb and txen pins have user-progr ammable active states thus allowing spectral inversion to be implemented by simply changing the istrb polarity. figure 6 shows the input data timing (assuming the istrb pin is an active high). dataclk din<15:0> istrb figure 6. i/q input data timing i q i q once a valid pair of i and q samples has been received, the data pair is written into the 25 6x32-bit fifo. the data is read out of the fifo at the symbo l rate using the internally generated symbol clock which is synchronous to the clock pin. this internally generated symbol clock is available on the 2xsymclk pin of the chip. it has been multiplied up to twice the symbol rate to facilitate tying it to the dataclk pin in symbol rate synchronous modes. the data is always input to the chip at twice the rate at which it is written to the fifo since i and q are input serially. in a symbol rate synchronous mode, the data is input to the front-end at twice the symbol rate, written to the fifo at t he symbol rate and read from the fifo also at the symbol rate . this mode ensures that no fifo overflow or underflow cond itions will occur. optionally, in a totally synchronous mode, the fifo may be bypassed altogether if power conservation is critical. reading data out of the fifo for transmission may be optionally gated by the txen pin if the user wishes to burst the data into the chip and delay transmission of the data. if the data reads are not gated, then after 2 fifo locations have been written, data reads are initiated. via user- programmable bits, the data may be zeroed leaving the front-end if the fifo runs out of data or in gated-read mode, if the txen pin is inactive. conversely, writing data into the fifo may be optionally disabled upon a fifo full condition. control of the starting address for the gated reads is user- programmable where the address may be zeroed upon start of transmission or simply incremented from where it left off on the last transmission. the fifo logic contains user programmable threshold detection (high and low thresholds) as well as full/empty detection. there are 4 status flags available to the user for fifo level monitoring: fifooverflow (fovrfl), fifofull (ffull), fifounderflow, and fifo empty (fempt). these status flags may be monitored via 3 output pins: the underflow and empty share one pin with a user selectable function. any one of these flags may be used to trigger an interrupt on the intreq pin if the mask register for that status bit is set. a rising edge of the status signal will set the interrupt status register bit and cause an external interrupt if enabled. the only way to clear the status bit and intreq pin is to write a ?1? to the co rresponding status register bit. another feature of the fifo is the adaptive symbol rate control logic. the internal symbol rate of the device is controlled by the digital pll if enabled. since the data is read out of the fifo at the internal symbol rate, there may arise a need for the fifo to adjus t the symbol rate if the data is not being written in and read out at the same rate. this is achieved by either adding or subtracting a frequency error term to the digital pll?s loop filter frequency term or by forcing the loop filter lag term to its programmed limit. if a fifo overflow occurs, then the data is being written into the fifo faster than it is being read out, which indicates the symbol rate needs to be increased thus speeding up the reads. this scenario would cause the fifo to try to increase the final symbol rate error term by either adding the fifo frequency error term (user programmable) to the loop filter?s frequency error term or force the loop filter lag accumulator to its programmed upper limit. if a fifo underflow occurs, then the data is being read out of the fifo faster than it is being written in and the fifo would attempt to slow down the symbol rate by subtracting the frequency error term or by forcing the lag accumulator to it s lower limit. this adaptive rate control is user programmable via register 2 bits 21:20. constellation mapper the i/q data pair from the fr ont end input block enters the constellation mapper at the internal symbol rate and is mapped via a user programmable look up table to new symbol data. the symbol mapping is only supported for i/q bit widths of 4-bits (256-qam) or less. the i data is concatenated with the q data to form the 8-bit address (iin<3:0>:qin<3:0>) to the 256x8-bit ram. the 8-bit data output from the ram is the new symbol data in the form hsp50415 10 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 iout<3:0>:qout<3:0>. see figure 7 for a constellation mapping example. for bit widths less than 4-bits the data in the ram may simply be zero?s for the unused bit positions and the unused addresses since the hsp50415 will discard the unused bits. for example, if the user programs the number of bits to be 1 and the upper bits of the din<15:0> bus are tied to ?0?, the user need only program addresses 0, 1, 16 and 17 since the other addresses will never be selected. in this example, the only data that is used will be memory address bits 4 and 0 since these map to i<0> and q<0> respectively. for data bit widths larger than 4 bits or if mapping is not required, the constellation mapper may be bypassed. figure 7. constellation mapping map i q 16 / ?0x0008? 16 / ?0x000a? 8 / ?0x8a? address 0x8a is formed from the lower 4-bits of i and q data look-up i q 16 / ?0x0009? 16 / ?0x000b? address 0x8a is previously loaded with data 0x9b via the control bus 0x9b 0xff 0x00 address constellation mapper data to shaping filters data from fifo address table ram shaping fir filters following the constellation mapping, the i/q data pair is input to the programmable fir filters for the first stage of interpolation. the interpol ating fir filters? have programmable coefficients and must be loaded via the microprocessor interface. the i and q filter stages are identical and may be loaded simultaneously or separately thus allowing for different gains and responses through the fir filter if desired. the lo ading options are programmable including readback modes and will be discussed in detail in the ?microprocessor interface? section. since the hardware for the i and q filters is i dentical, further discussion will pertain to a single channel. the basic interpolation rates allowed through the fir are x4, x8 or x16. an optional decimate by 2 mode is available that subsamples the output of t he filter thus reducing the interpolation rate by a factor of 2. each filter multiplication is implemented as a series of sh ifts and adds thus constraining the maximum input symbol rate as follows: symbolratemax is the smaller of: (clk * 2 * 2^twobitmode) / (#bits * interpolationrate) and clk/4 where clk is the final sample rate clock (100mhz max), #bits is the data bit width of a single channel and twobitmode is a special processing mode where 2-bits at a time are computed. the gain through the filter is: a = (sum of coefficients) / interpolation rate the fir filter contains saturation logic in the event that the final output peaks over 1.0. table 3 outlines the filter characteristics for the various interpolation rates. table 3. fir filter characteristics 2-bitmode interp. rate symbol span # filter taps 0 x4 24 96 0 x8 20 160 0 x16 16 256 1 x4 12 48 1 x8 10 80 1 x16 8 128 the programmable coefficients are stored in ram as bit- sliced sums of products. the data exits the interpolating fir filters as a parallel i<15:0> and q<15:0> data stream at the interpolated sample rate. these filters may be totally bypassed if higher input symbol rates are required. when bypassed, the rams may be loaded with all zeros for power conservation. post fir gain control following the fir filter pair is a gain stage where i and q are scaled equally. the programmable gain consists of a 6-bit mantissa and a 4-bit exponent stage. the equation for the gain is as follows: dataout<15:0> = (datain<15:0> * 1.mmmmmm) * 2 ^ (eeee - 11) where mmmmmm denotes the 6-bi t gain value and eeee is the 4-bit shift value. for a gain of 1.0 through this stage, program the mantissa to 0x00 and the exponent to 0xb. this stage is implemented with a signed 16-bit by unsigned 7-bit multiplier with the hsp50415 11 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 resulting 23-bit output rounded at bit position 5 (multout<5>) to 17-bits. the extra bit is carried to check for overflow at the output of the shifter. the output of the multiplier (multout<22:6>) is then shift ed to the appropriate position per the exponent bits with a shif t value of 0xb positioning the data at the top of the shifter. th e final shifted output is then checked for saturation and limited to 16-bits before being output. fixed coefficient 19-tap interpolating halfband following the post-fir gain stage is a pair of fixed coefficient 19-tap interpolate by 2 halfband f ilters. the halfband filter may be totally bypassed if not re quired. if bypassed, the data to the filter is zeroed which reduces power consumption. the halfband filter coefficients are: 1, 0, -17, 0, 87, 0, -299, 0, 1252, 2048, 1252, 0, -299, 0, 87, 0, -17, 0, 1 the interpolate by 2 is accomplished via zero-stuffing and low-pass filtering. t he output of this filter is rounded to 16- bits. the output is checked for saturation and limited if necessary. the data exits the halfband filters as a parallel i<15:0> and q<15:0> data stream at the interpolated sample rate. figure 8 shows the frequency response of the half-band filter. figure 8. half-band frequency response 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 magnitude response (db) normalized frequency (nyquist = 1) 0 0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0 interpolating filter following the halfband stage, t he data enters the last stage of interpolating filter s. again, the i and q filters are identical so the subsequent discussion will refer to a single channel. the data is input to the interpol ating filter at this stage?s input sample rate which is dependent on the previous stage?s interpolation rate. at this stage the input sample rate clock is generated by the symbol nco. for every output sample generated, there is a 12-bit phase value that is also generated in the symbol nco (t he top 12-bits of the phase accumulator). the interpolator uses this phase value to compute output samples at the output sample rate (fsout) which is the final output sample rate of the chip. the nulls in the interpolation filter frequency response align with the interpolation images of the shaping filter. input to this stage should be no greater than -2db fullscale to prevent overflow. the impulse response of the inte rpolation filter is shown in figures 9 through 11 for an interpolate by 16 filter (the interpolation ratio, l, is equal to 16). this block may be bypassed if desired. figures 12 through 17 depict the response for varying interpolation ratios. hsp50415 12 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 typical performance curves figure 9. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 magnitude (db) sample times interpolation filter response response for l = 16; fout = 4096 figure 10. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 sample times interpolation filter response magnitude (db) response for l = 16, fout = 4096 figure 11. 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1 magnitude (db) 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 sample times 72 interpolation filter response response for l = 16; fout = 4096 figure 12. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 512 1024 1536 2048 magnitude (db) sample times interpolation filter response response for l = 2; fout = 4096 figure 13. 0 -10 -20 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -120 magnitude (db) 0 512 1024 1536 2048 -30 -110 sample times interpolation filter response response for l = 4; fout = 4096 figure 14. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 magnitude (db) 512 1024 1536 2048 sample times interpolation filter response response for l = 5; fout = 4096 hsp50415 13 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 carrier nco and complex mixer following the interpolating filter is the complex mixer stage where the quadrature data is modulated onto a carrier signal via a complex multiply operation resulting in a quadrature output sample. the carrier nco has a 32-bit programmable frequency increment value which is programmed as follows: carrierphinc = (carrierfrequency / fsout) * 2^32 the frequency may be positive or negative with a range from -50 to +50mhz (for fsout of 100mhz). the phase adder and accumulator are also 32-bits wide. x/sin(x) compen sation filters following the complex mixer stage is a pair of fixed coefficient 11-tap x/sin(x) compensation filters. the x/sin(x) filter performs peaking to compensate for the sin(x)/x rolloff that occurs at the output of the dacs. these filters may be totally bypassed if not required. the x/sin(x) filter coefficients are: -1, 2, -4, 10, -34, 38 4, -34, 10, -4, 2, -1 the output is rounded to 16-bits. the output of the filter is not checked for saturation since the maximum sum of products is 486/512 (0.949) and overflow will never occur. the data exits the x/sin(x) filters as a parallel i<15:0> and q<15:0> data streams at the final sample rate. figure 18 plots of the inverse sinc function, sinc function, and the effect of compensation. figure 15. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 512 1024 1536 2048 sample times magnitude (db) interpolation filter response response for l = 6; fout = 4096 figure 16. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 magnitude (db) 512 1024 1536 2048 sample times interpolation filter response response for l = 8; fout = 4096 figure 17. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 0 512 1024 1536 2048 sample times interpolation filter response response for l = 10; fout = 4096 typical performance curves (continued) hsp50415 figure 18. x/sin(x) filter response 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 isf sinc normalized frequency log magnitude (db) 14 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 i/q gain imbalance correction stage following the x/sin(x) filter pair is a gain stage where i and q are scaled independently. the programmable gain consists of a 10-bit scale factor and a 10-bit dc offset. the equation for the gain is as follows: dataout<15:0> = (datai n<15:0> * (1.0 +/- 0.00ssssssssss)) +/- 0.00dddddddddd where ssssssssss denotes the 10- bit scale factor and dddddddddd is the 10-bit dc offset value. the scale factor may be optionally added or subtracted from 1.0 and the dc offset may optionally be added or subtracted to the result of the scale operation. for a gain of 1.0 through this st age, program the scale factor to 0x000 and the dc offset to 0x000 for both the i and q values. the output is rounded to either 14-bits or 12-bits. the rounding options are programmable as shown in table 4 . table 4. iq gain correction stage rounding options rndbits<1:0> round selection 00 no rounding performed, data is truncated 01 round to 14-bits 10 round to 12-bits 11 round in both positions if saturation does occur, the output is symmetrically limited. digital to analog (d/a) converters the hsp50415 outputs using dual 12-bit, 150msps, high speed, low power, d/a converters. the converter provides 20ma of full scale output current and includes edge- triggered cmos input data latches. low glitch energy and excellent frequency domain perfo rmance is achieved by the dacs segmented current source architecture. voltage reference the internal voltage reference of the device has a nominal value of + 1.2v with a 10ppm / o c drift coefficient over the full temperature range of the conver ter. it is recommended that a 0.1 f capacitor be placed as close as possible to the refio pin, connected to the analog ground. the reflo pin selects the reference. the internal reference can be selected if reflo is tied low (ground). if an external reference is desired, then reflo should be tied high (the analog supply voltage) and the external referenc e driven into refio. the full scale output current of the converter is a function of the voltage reference used and the value of r set . i out should be within the 2ma to 20ma range, though operation below 2ma is possible, with performance degradation. v fsadj and v refio will be equivalent except for a small offset voltage. if the internal reference is used, v fsadj will equal approximately 1.2v on t he fsadj. if an external reference is used, v fsadj will equal the external reference. the calculation for i out (full scale) is: i out (full scale) = (v fsadj /r set ) x 32. if the full scale output current is set to 20ma by using the internal voltage reference (1.2v) and a 1.91k r set resistor, then the input coding to output current is shown in table 5 . table 5. input coding vs output current input code 15 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 these outputs can be used in a differential-to-single-ended arrangement to achieve bett er harmonic rejection. the sfdr measurements in this data sheet were performed with a 1:1 transformer on the output of the dac (see figure 19 ). with the center tap grounded, the output swing of i/qouta and i/qoutb will be biased at zero volts. the loading as shown in figure 19 will result in a 500mv signal at the output of the transformer if the full scale output current of the dac is set to 20ma. v out = 2 x i out x r eq , where r eq is ~12.5 . v out = (2 x i out x r eq )v 100 hsp50415 50 50 50 i/qouta i/qoutb figure 19. dac outputs r eq is the impedance loading each output 50 represents the spectrum analyzer allowing the center tap to float will result in identical transformer output, however the output pins of the dac will have positive dc offset. sinc e the dacs output voltage compliance range is -0.3v to +1.25v, the center tap may need to be left floating or dc of fset in order to increase the amount of signal swing available. the 50 load on the output of the transformer represents the spectrum analyzer?s input impedance. definition of d ac specifications differential linearity error, dnl, is the measure of the step size output deviation from code to code. ideally the step size should be 1 lsb. a dnl specification of 1 lsb or less guarantees monotonicity. full scale gain drift, is measured by setting the data inputs to be all logic high (all 1s) and measuring the output voltage through a known resistance as the temperature is varied from t min to t max . it is defined as the maximum deviation from the value measured at room temperature to the value measured at either t min or t max . the units are ppm of fsr (full scale range) per o c. full scale gain error , is the error from an ideal ratio of 32 between the output current and the full scale adjust current (through r set ). integral linearity error, inl, is the measure of the worst case point that deviates from a best fit straight line of data values along the transfer curve. internal reference voltage drift, is defined as the maximum deviation from the value measured at room temperature to the value measured at either t min or t max . the units are ppm per o c. offset drift, is measured by setting the data inputs to all logic low (all 0s) and measuring the output voltage through a known resistance as the temperature is varied from t min to t max . it is defined as the maximum deviation from the value measured at room temperature to the value measured at either t min or t max . the units are ppm of fsr (full scale range) per degree o c. offset error, is measured by setting the data inputs to all logic low (all 0s) and measuring the output voltage through a known resistance. offset error is defined as the maximum deviation of the output current from a value of 0ma. output settling time, is the time required for the output voltage to settle to within a specified error band measured from the beginning of the output transition. the measurement is done by switching quarter scale. termination impedance was 25 due to the parallel resistance of the 50 loading on the output and the oscilloscope?s 50 input. this also aids the ability to resolve the specified error band without overdriving the oscilloscope. output voltage compliance range, is the voltage limit imposed on the output. the output impedance should be chosen such that the voltage developed does not violate the compliance range. reference input multiplying bandwidth, is defined as the 3db bandwidth of the voltage reference input. it is measured by using a sinusoidal waveform as the external reference with the digital inputs set to all 1s. the frequency is increased until the amplitude of the output waveform is 0.707 (-3db) of its original value. microprocessor interface the hsp50415 is highly configurable with 16 writable/readable control registers and four addresses reserved for generating internal control signals. the microprocessor interface (upi) is a parallel bus type with the following device pins being used for i/o: cdata<7:0>, addr<2:0>, ce and rd . these device pins are synchronous to the wr pin which is actually the clock for the upi logic. data is written to control words by writing to a sequence of address locations with the data present on the cdata<7:0> bus. the upi contains a 32-bit master register which is first loaded with the control word data one byte at a time, then downloaded to a slave register that is synchronous to the digital core clock (sysclk/2). the sequence of writes necessary to program control word 12, for example, with the value 0xaabbccdd would be as shown in table 6 and figure 20 . hsp50415 figure 20. control register loading sequence addr<2:0> cdata<7:0> ce rd 0 wr 1 2 3 4 x dd cc bb aa oc x 16 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 there should be at least 4 digital core clock cycles between writing to address 4 and reloading the masterreg as the data from the masterreg is being downloaded to slave registers synchronous to the core clock cycles and synchronization circuitry is required. the frequency of the wr pin may not exceed clk/4 (25mhz max for clk of 100mhz). to readback the value in control word 12, the following sequence of writes/reads shown in table 7 should occur. note that the rd pin is the three-state control for the cdata<7:0> bus with a logic 1 on the rd pin disabling the output drivers configuring the pins as inputs and a logic 0 on the rd pin enabling the output drivers making the pins outputs. the ce pin must be active for any read or write to the device to be processed. the addr<2:0>, cdata<7:0> and ce pins when writing to the device ( rd =1) are synchronous to the wr pin, but when reading ( rd =0), the addr<2:0> and ce pins are not synchronous to the wr pin, and are actually mux controls to determine which byte of the read data is output on the cdata<7:0> bus.: table 6. sequence of writes to load cntlword12 addr<2:0> cdata<7:0> ce rd wr internal operation 0 0xdd 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> 1 0xcc 0 1 1 write to masterreg<15:8> 2 0xbb 0 1 1 write to masterreg<23:16> 3 0xaa 0 1 1 write to masterreg<31:24> 4 0x0c 0 1 1 masterreg<31:0> -> cntlword12<31:0> table 7. readback of cntlword12 addr<2: 0> cdata<7: 0> ce rd wr internal operation 5 0x0c 0 1 1 write to addrreg<4:0> 0 0xdd 0 0 x read cntlword12<7:0> 1 0xcc 0 0 x read cntlword12<15:8> 2 0xbb 0 0 x read cntlword12<23:16> 3 0xaa 0 0 x read cntlword12<31:24> writing and reading back the internal rams require a different sequence of writes and reads. each ram on the device is accessible through the upi, with the fifo only having readback capability. the user selects which memory to access and the access type (read or write) as well as the address mode by programming the memory configuration bits in controlword 0 as shown in table 8 . table 8. control word 0 - memory control bits bit # value definition 7 x not used 6 0 disable memory address auto increment mode - user must provide address 1 auto-increment memory address mode active 5 0 memory r/w select: write to selected memory 1 memory r/w select: read from selected memory 4:2 000 no memory access active 001 i channel 64x72-bit coefficient ram selected 010 q channel 64x72-bit coefficient ram selected 011 i and q channel 64x72-bi t coefficient rams selected for simultaneous access 100 256x8-bit constellation map ram selected 101 256x32-bit fifo ram selected 110 not used 111 not used 1:0 00 memory word select bits <1:0>, load with 00 prior to starting load sequence once these bits are programmed, the user loads up the masterreg<31:0> using the same sequence as shown in table 8 followed by a write to internal address 0x0f to download the masterreg<31:0> data to the internal memory word buffer. if auto-increment address mode is selected then the user does not need to provide the memory address for the data; the address is gener ated sequentially internal to the device. if the 64x72-bit rams are selected for the access, then 72-bits of data must be loaded to the internal memory buffer per memory address. this is accomplished hsp50415 17 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 by performing three (3) 24-bit master to slave loads. table 9 demonstrates the sequence of writes necessary to load memory location 0 of the i and q channel coefficient rams simultaneously. if auto-increment address mode had been enabled, then the write to masterreg<31:24> wi th the destination memory address would not have been required, as writing to control word 0 would reset the internal auto-increment address to 0. writing a 0x0f to address 4 generates an internal memupdate signal that loads the memory buffer from masterreg<23:0>. which section of the memory buffer gets the data is dependent on the memory word select counter shown in column 7 of table 9 . a memupdate strobe increments the word select counter as well as updating the membuffer. when the word select counter is equal to 2 and a memupdate strobe occurs, membuf<71:0> data is written to memaddr<7:0> of the i/q coefficient rams and the mem word select counter is cleared ready for the next sequence of writes to the memory buffer. writing to the constellation map ram is much simpler as table 10 demonstrates. table 9. example sequence of writes to load i/q coefficient ram addr<2:0> cdata<7:0> ce rd wr internal operation mem word select<1:0> 0 0x0c 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> xx 4 0x00 0 1 1 masterreg<7:0> -> cntlword0<7:0> 00 0 memdata[0][7:0] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> 00 1 memdata[0][15:8] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<15:8> 00 2 memdata[0][23:16] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<23:16> 00 4 0x0f 0 1 1 masterreg<23:0> -> membuf<23:0> 00 0 memdata[0][31:24] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> 01 1 memdata[0][39:32] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<15:8> 01 2 memdata[0][47:40] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<23:16> 01 4 0x0f 0 1 1 masterreg<23:0> -> membuf<47:24> 01 0 memdata[0][55:48] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> 10 1 memdata[0][63:56] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<15:8> 10 2 memdata[0][71:64] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<23:16> 10 3 0x00 (memaddr) 0 1 1 write to masterreg<31:24> 10 4 0x0f 0 1 1 masterreg<23:0> -> membuf<71:48> 10 masterreg<31:24> -> memaddr<7:0> 10 table 10. example sequence of writes to load constellation map ram addr<2:0> cdata<7:0> ce rd wr internal operation mem word select<1:0> 0 0x10 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> xx 4 0x00 0 1 1 masterreg<7:0> -> cntlword0<7:0> 00 2 memdata[0][7:0] 0 1 1 write to masterreg<23:16> 00 3 0x00 (memaddr) 0 1 1 write to masterreg<31:24> 00 4 0x0f 0 1 1 masterreg<23:16> -> membuf<71:64> 00 masterreg<31:24> -> memaddr<7:0> 00 hsp50415 18 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 when writing to the constellation map ram, when the word select counter is equal to 0 and a memupdate strobe occurs, membuf<71:64> data is written to memaddr<7:0> of the constellation map ram. when reading back the memories, the sequence is similar to reading back the control words, except the upi addresses written to are different. when reading back the i/q channel coefficient memories, 9 bytes (72-bits) of data are read per memory address, the constellation map ram contains 1 byte of data per address, while the fifo ram contains 4 bytes of data per address. an internal byte counter takes care of which byte is being read out with a write to address 6 with the memory address to be read back will reset the byte counter to 0. a write to address 7 will increment the byte counter so the wr clock must be pulsed during the memory reads in order to increment the byte counter. table 11 defines the sequence of writes/reads necessary to read back the i channel coefficient memory data at memory address 0x12. the constellation map ram a nd the fifo ram are read back in a similar manner with fewer writes to address 7 since fewer bytes per address are read back. a synopsis of the upi address space functions is shown in table 12 , with tables 13 through 32 providing detailed descriptions. table 11. example sequence of writes to read i coefficient ram addr<2:0> cdata<7:0> ce rd wr internal operation mem byte count<3:0> 0 0x24 0 1 1 write to masterreg<7:0> xx 4 0x00 0 1 1 masterreg<7:0> -> cntlword0<7:0> xx 6 0x12 (memaddr) 0 1 1 write to memreadaddr<7:0> 0 6 0x12 (memaddr) 0 1 1 write to memreadaddr<7:0> 0 7 memdata[18][7:0] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 0 0 7 memdata[18][15:8] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 1 1 7 memdata[18][23:16] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 2 2 7 memdata[18][31:24] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 3 3 7 memdata[18][39:32] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 4 4 7 memdata[18][47:40] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 5 5 7 memdata[18][55:48] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 6 6 7 memdata[18][63:56] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 7 7 7 memdata[18][71:64] 0 0 1 read memdata[18] byte 8 8 table 12. microprocessor interface address space definitions addr <2:0> wr/rd internal operation 0 wr write to masterreg<7:0> (cdata<7:0> -> masterreg<7:0>) 1 wr write to masterreg<15:8> (cdata<7:0> -> masterreg<15:8>) 2 wr write to masterreg<23:16> (cdata<7:0> -> masterreg<23:16>) 3 wr write to masterreg<31:24> (cdata<7:0> -> masterreg<31:24>) 4 wr download masterreg<31:0> -> control word x (x=cdata<4:0>) 5 wr write address of control word to be read back (cdata<4:0> -> addrreg<4:0>) 6 wr write address of accessed memory to be read back (cdata<7:0> -> memaddr<7:0>) 7 wr increment memory address read back byte counter (bytecount<3:0>) 0 rd read controlwordx<7:0> (x=addrreg<4:0>) 1 rd read controlwordx<15:8> (x=addrreg<4:0>) 2 rd read controlwordx<23:16> (x=addrreg<4:0>) 3 rd read controlwordx<31:24> (x=addrreg<4:0>) 4 rd read byte # of memword table 13. hsp50415 register summary address bit width register name reset value 00 h 8 memory write/read controls 0x00 01 h 32 device configuration controls 0x0000602b 02 h 32 fifo and i/o control 0x00000000 03 h 32 fifo upper threshold and i channel gain 0xff000002 04 h 32 fifo lower threshold and q channel gain 0x00000002 05 h 32 gain and phase error control 0x02ffffff 06 h 32 digital loop filter control 0x50000000 07 h 32 lock detect and analog pll control 0x00400000 08 h 8 interrupt status 0x00 09 h 8 interrupt enable 0x00 0a h 32 carrier frequency 0x00000000 0b h 32 symbol frequency 0x00000000 0c h 32 digital loop filter upper limit 0x7fffffff 0d h 32 digital loop filter lower limit 0x80000000 0e h fifo reset strobe 0 0f h memory word load strobe 0 10 h soft reset signal 0 11 h 19 coefficient ram preload data 0x00000 12 h fifo write strobe 0 table 14. memory write/read control address = 00 h bit no. description reset state 7 reserved 0 6 auto increment memory address 0 5 memory r/w (used in conjunction with bits 4:2) 0 = write 1 = read 0 4:2 memory access select. 000 b = no access (note: must set no access for normal running of part) 001 b = ifirmem access 010 b = qfirmem access 011 b = i+qfirmem access 100 b = constellation map memory access 101 b = fifo access 000 b 1:0 memory word select 00 19 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 table 15. device configuration control address = 01 h bit no. description reset state 31:16 symbol nco counter maxcount<15:0> 0000 h 15 symbol nco counter mode enable 0 b 14 fast dac delay 1 b 13 bypass final interpolation filter 1 b hsp50415 20 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 12 2-bit filter mode. input data at 2x rate with ? # taps used. 0 b 11:10 shaping filter interpolation 00 b = 4x 01 b = 8x 10 b = 16x 11 b = reserved 00 b 9:6 data bit width numbits/2 b12 -1 if bit 12 = 0, 0000 b = 1 bit 0001 b = 2 bits? 1110 b = 15 bits 1111 b = 16 bits if bit 12 = 1, 0000 b = 2 bits 0001 b = 4 bits? 1110 b = 30 bits 1111 b = 32 bits 0000 b 5 x/sin(x) filter bypass. 0 = enable 1 = bypass 1 4 half band filter enable 0 = bypass 1 = enable 0 3 shaping filter bypass 0 = enable 1 = bypass 1 2 decimate by 2 at output of shaping filter 0 = disable 1 = enable 0 1 constellation map bypass 0 = enable 1 = bypass 1 0 fifo bypass 0 = enable 1 = bypass 1 table 15. device configuration control (continued) address = 01 h bit no. description reset state table 16. fifo and i/o control address = 02 h bit no. description reset state 31:24 fifo frequency term 4 loop filter <7:0>. 00 h 23 fifo full stop writing 0 22 fifo empty, force 0 data 0 21:20 fifo threshold mode 00 b = disable threshold logic and fifo underflow / fifooverflow flags 01 b = enable thresholds, disabl e symbol rate modifications 10 b = enable thresholds and modify frequency error term 11 b = enable thresholds and force lag accumulator to limit 00 b 19 fifo txen zero data. (function: if fifo reads ar e gated with txen pin then force data out of fifo block to 0x0000 if t xen is inactive.) 0 18 fifo txen enable gated write 0 = txen pin gates writing to fifo 1 = fifo writes not gated by txen 0 hsp50415 21 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 17 fifo txen gated read 0 = fifo reads not gated by txen (reads begin after 2 fifo locations written) 1 = txen pin gates read from fifo 0 16 fifo underflow/empty pin function 0 = output fifo underflow status on pin fempt 1 = output fifo empty status on pin fempt 0 15 2xsymclk polarity 0 14 2xsymclk three-state enable 0 = off 1 = enable output 0 13 ffull, fifo full output enable 0 12 fovrfl, fifo overflow output enable 0 11 fempt, fifo under/empty output enable 0 10 lockdet output enable 0 9 sysclk/2 output enable 0 8 intreq pin output enable 0 7 iout<13:0> output enable 0 6 qout<13:0> output enable 0 5 txen polarity 0 = active high 1 = active low 0 4 istrb polarity. 0 = active high (din<15:0> cont ains isample when istrb is high) 1 = active low (din<15:0> cont ains isample when istrb is low) 0 3 sysclk/2 polarity. 0 = iout<13:0>/qout<15:0> data out on falling edge 1 = iout<13:0>/qout<15:0> data out on rising edge 0 2 fifo gated read no address reset 0 1 idac power enable 0 0 qdac power enable 0 table 17. i channel calibration address = 03 h bit no. description reset state 31:24 fifo threshold upper limit<7:0> ff h 23:14 i scale factor<9:0> 000 h 13:4 i dc offset <9:0> 000 h 3 i negate scale factor 0 2 i subtract dc offset 0 1:0 i programmable round 00 b = no rounding 01 b = round to 14-bits at output 10 b = round to 12-bits at output 11 b = round in both positions 10 b table 16. fifo and i/o control (continued) address = 02 h bit no. description reset state hsp50415 table 18. q channel calibration address = 04 h bit no. description reset state 31:24 fifo threshold lower limit<7:0> ff h 23:14 q scale factor<9:0> 000 h 13:4 q dc offset <9:0> 000 h 3 q negate scale factor 0 2 q subtract dc offset 0 1:0 q programmable round 00 b = no rounding 01 b = round to 14-bits at output 10 b = round to 12-bits at output 11 b = round in both positions 10 b table 19. gain and phase error control address = 05 h bit no. description reset state 31:26 post shaping filter gain 01.xxxxxx 000000 b 25:22 post shaping filter shift<3:0> 1011 b 21:8 n count <13:0> for phase error detector 3fff h 7:0 m count <7:0> for phase error detector. (minimum value = 4) ff h table 20. digital loop filter control address = 06 h bit no. description reset state 31 reserved 0 30 invert phase error 1 29 invert frequency error 0 28 disable offset frequency 1 27:16 loop filter gains: bits 27:24 = lag[3:0] bits 23:20 = frq[3:0] bits 19:16 = lead[3:0] 000 h 15:1 loop filter shifts: bits 15:11 = lag[4:0] bits 10:6 = frq[4:0] bits 5:1 = lead[4:0] 0000 h 0 zero loop filter accumulator 0 22 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 hsp50415 table 21. lock detect control address = 07 h bit no. description reset state 31 use analog pll lock status bit for lock detection 0 30:28 analog pll vco divider 000 b = 1x 001 b = 2x 010 b = 4x 011 b = 8x 100 b = 16x 101 b = 32x 000 b 27:26 analog pll clk divider 00 b = /1 01 b = /2 10 b = /4 11 b = /8 00 b 25 enable analog pll 0 24 use analog pllclk for clk 0 23:3 phase error threshold[20:0] 08000 h 2:1 less than threshold increment 00 b = + 0.0625 01 b = + 0.125 10 b = + 0.25 11 b = + 0.50 00 b 0 greater than threshold decrement 0 = -0.50 1 = -0.25 0 table 22. interrupt status address = 08 h bit no. description reset state 7 not used 0 6 fifo full 0 5 fifo empty 0 4 fifo overflow 0 3 fifo underflow 0 2 digital pll lock detect 0 1 analog pll lock detect 0 0 reset done 0 23 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 hsp50415 table 23. interrupt enable address = 09 h bit no. description reset state 7 not used 0 6 fifo full 0 5 fifo empty 0 4 fifo overflow 0 3 fifo underflow 0 2 digital pll lock detect 0 1 analog pll lock detect 0 0 reset done 0 table 24. carrier frequency address = 0a h bit no. description reset state 31:0 carrier nco frequency step 00000000 h table 25. symbol frequency address = 0b h bit no. description reset state 31:0 symbol nco frequency step 00000000 h table 26. digital loop filter upper limit address = 0c h bit no. description reset state 31:0 digital loop filter upper limit 7fffffff h table 27. digital loop filter lower limit address = 0d h bit no. description reset state 31:0 digital loop filter lower limit 00000000 h table 28. fifo reset strobe address = 0e h bit no. description reset state na writing to control word 0x0e generates an internal fiforeset strobe that resets the fifo address pointers and flags. 0 table 29. memory buffer update strobe address = 0f hf bit no. description reset state na writing to control word 0x0f generates an internal membuf update strobe that downloads the appropriate masterreg byte to the memory buffer. 0 24 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 hsp50415 table 30. soft reset signal address = 10 h bit no. description reset state na writing to upi address space 4 with cdata<7:0> = 0x10 forces the internal soft reset signal active. the soft reset stays active until different cdata<7: 0> other than 0x10 is written to address space 4. 0 table 31. shaping fir rounding and balance address = 11 h bit no. description reset state 19 i/q fir preload<18:0> filter seed value. 0 table 32. fifo data write strobe address = 12 h bit no. description reset state na strobe used to enable writes to fifo - data from din<15:0.>, istrb interface. 0 25 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 power consumption the hsp50415 power consumption is as shown in figure 21 . figure 21. power cons umption vs clk frequency 1250 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 clk frequency (mhz) power consumption (mw) v dd = 3.3v dc worst case shaping filter off half band off interpolation off evaluation kit the hsp50415eval1 is an evaluation kit for the hsp50415 wideband programmable modulator. the kit consists of an evaluation circuit card assembly complete with the hsp50415 device and additional circuitry to provide for control via a computer parallel port. windows based demonstration software is provided for full user programmability and control of all hsp50415 operational modes. documentation includes a user?s manual, full evaluation board schematics and pcb layout materials. hsp50415 absolute m aximum ratings thermal information supply voltage (vdd to gnd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6v all signal pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (gnd ? 0.5v) to (v dd + 0.5v) esd classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .class 2 operating conditions temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40c to +85c thermal resistance (typical, note 2) ja ( c/w) mqfp package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 maximum junction temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150c maximum storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . . -65c to +150c vapor phase soldering, 1 minute mqfp package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+220c caution: stresses above those listed in the ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stre ss only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sectio n of this specification is not implied. 26 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 electrical specifications vdd = +3.3v 5%, t a = -40c to +85c, unless otherwise specified parameter test condition min typ max units power supply characteristics power supply voltage, avdd, dvdd 3.15 3.3 3.45 v supply current (i vdd ) ioutfs = 20ma - 420 500 ma power dissipation ioutfs = 20ma - - 1.75 w supply current (i vdd ) sleep mode dac in sleep mode clk stopped - 4 6 ma power supply rejection single supply -0.2 - +0.2 %fsr/v dc characteristics: digital i/o input logic low voltage, v il - - 0.8 v input logic high voltage, v ih 2.0 - - v input logic low current, i il v in = 0.0v -10 - 10 a input logic high current, i ih v in = dvdd -10 - 10 a output tristate low current, i xl -10 - 10 a output tristate high current, i xh -10 - 10 a input capacitance, c in (note 1) - 6 - pf output logic low voltage, v ol i ol = 2ma - - 0.4 v output logic high voltage, v oh i oh = -2ma 2.6 - - v output capacitance, c out (note 1) - 6 - pf ac characteristics: digital control and processor interface clk frequency, f clk - - 100 mhz clk high, t ch (note 1) 4 - - ns clk low, t cl (note 1) 4 - - ns reset setup time, t rts to clk, (note 1) 3 - - ns reset hold time, t rth from clk, (note 1) 1 - - ns reset pulsewidth, t rpw clk cycles, (note 1) 10 - - cycles wr frequency - - clk/4 mhz setup time, t s cdata<7:0>, addr<2:0> and ce to wr, (note 1 ) 15 - - ns hold time, t h cdata<7:0>, addr<2:0> and ce from wr, (note 1 ) 0 - - ns cdata<7:0> output delay, t da cdata<7:0> from addr<2:0>, (note 1) - - 20 ns cdata<7:0> output delay, t dw cdata<7:0> from wr, (note 1) - - 20 ns ac characteristics: digital i/q data input dataclk frequency, f dclk - - clk / 2 mhz dataclk high, t dch 5 - - ns hsp50415 27 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 dataclk low, t dcl 5 - - ns setup time, t ds din<15:0>, txen, istrb to dataclk, (note 1 ) 8 - - ns hold time, t dh din<15:0>, txen, istrb from dataclk, (note 1 ) 0 - - ns ac characteristics: digital status / data refclk frequency, f rck - - clk / 4 mhz refclk high, t rch 5 - - ns refclk low, t rcl 5 - - ns digital status and output data delay, t do from sysclk/2 includes iout<13:0>, fifo status pins, lockdet and intreq ., (note 1 ) - - 5 ns analog output performance: resolution 12 - - bits integral linearity error, inl ?best fit? straight line (note 4) - r 1 - lsb differential linearity error, dnl (note 4) - r 0.5 - lsb offset error, i os (note 4) -0.025 +0.025 % fsr offset drift coefficient (note 4) - 0.1 - ppm fsr/ o c full scale gain error, fse with external reference (notes 3, 4) -10 r 2 +10 % fsr with internal reference (notes 3, 4) -10 r 1 +10 % fsr full scale gain drift with external reference (note 4) - r 50 - ppm fsr/ o c with internal reference (note 4) - r 100 - ppm fsr/ o c full scale output current, i fs 2 - 20 ma output capacitance (note 1) - 30 - pf output voltage compliance range (note 1, 4) -1.0 - 1.25 v gain matching between channels -8 - +8 % fsr offset matching between channels - r 0.05 - % fsr phase matching between channels (note 1) - r 5 - degrees voltage reference: internal reference voltage, v ref - 1.23 - v internal reference voltage drift (note 1) - r 40 - ppm / o c internal reference output current sink/source capability (note 1) - r 0.1 - p a reference input impedance (note 1) - 1 - m : reference input multiplying bandwidth (notes 1, 4) - 1.4 - mhz notes: 1. parameter guaranteed by design or characterization and not production tested. 2. t ja is measured with the component mount ed on an evaluation pc board in free air. 3. gain error measured as the error in the ratio between the full scale output current and the current through r set (typically 625 p a). ideally the ratio should be 32. 4. see ?definition of dac specifications? section. electrical specifications vdd = +3.3v r 5%, t a = -40c to +85c, unless otherwise specified (continued) parameter test condition min typ max units hsp50415 waveforms figure 22. clk t rth t rts // t rpw reset t cl t ch t clk t clk = 1 / f clk clk and relative reset timing figure 23. dataclk t dcl t dch t dclk t ds t dh din<15:0>, t dclk = 1 / f dclk txen, and istrb timing relative to dataclk figure 24. wr cdata<7:0>, t s t h rd addr<2:0>, and ce timing relative to wr, loading sequence figure 25. refclk t rcl t rch t rck // t rck = 1 / f rck // refclk timing figure 26. wr cdata<7:0> addr<2:0> rd and ce addr. t da and t dw valid data valid timing relative to wr, reading sequence figure 27. sysclk/2 t do iout<13:0>, fempt, valid fovrfl, ffull, lockdet, and intreq sysclk/2 relative timing 28 fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 hsp50415 29 all intersil u.s. products are manufactured, asse mbled and tested utilizing iso9000 quality systems. intersil corporation?s quality certifications ca n be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality intersil products are sold by description only. intersil corpor ation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, soft ware and/or specifications at any time without notice. accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. information furnishe d by intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of paten ts or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of intersil or its subsidiari es. for information regarding intersil corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com fn4559.6 april 23, 2007 hsp50415 metric plastic quad flatpack packages (mqfp) d d1 e e1 -a- pin 1 a2 a1 a 12 o -16 o 12 o -16 o 0 o -7 o 0.40 0.016 min l 0 o min plane b 0.005/0.009 0.13/0.23 with plating base metal seating 0.005/0.007 0.13/0.17 b1 -b- e 0.008 0.20 a-b s d s c m 0.076 0.003 -c- -d- -h- q100.14x20 (jedec ms-022gc-1 issue b) 100 lead metric plastic quad flatpack package symbol inches millimeters notes min max min max a- 0.134 - 3.40 - a1 0.010 - 0.25 -- a2 0.101 0.113 2.57 2.87 - b 0.009 0.015 0.22 0.38 6 b1 0.009 0.013 0.22 0.33 - d 0.908 0.918 23.08 23.32 3 d1 0.782 0.792 19.88 20.12 4, 5 e 0.673 0.681 17.10 17.30 3 e1 0.547 0.555 13.90 14.10 4, 5 l 0.029 0.040 0.73 1.03 - n 100 100 7 e 0.026 bsc 0.65 bsc - nd 30 30 - ne 20 20 - rev. 1 4/99 notes: 1. controlling dimension: millimeter. converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact. 2. all dimensions and toler ances per ansi y14.5m-1982. 3. dimensions d and e to be determined at seating plane . 4. dimensions d1 and e1 to be determined at datum plane . 5. dimensions d1 and e1 do not include mold protrusion. allowable protrusion is 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side. 6. dimension b does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm (0.003 inch) total. 7. ?n? is the number of terminal positions. -c- -h- |
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